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What is a Tosai? It's a one-year-old Koi.
What is a Nisai? It's a two-year-old Koi.
What is a Sansai? It's a three-year-old Koi.
What is a Yonsai? It's a four-year-old Koi.
What is a Gosai? It's a five-year-old Koi.
What is Tategoi? Tategoi is a category given to koi that can improve and become higher quality which correlates directly to cost. As they grow, if deviations become apparent and they lose their status.
What is a Gosanke? Gosanke are three of the first four classifications listed below, i.e., Kohaku, Sanke, and Showa.
The following text is basically retyped from the AKCA Koi ID poster. Most of the text is copied with some editorial changes made. Authorization to post copied text granted by Doug Dahl, AKCA, January 23, 2008.
Kohaku is a white (shiro) fish with a red (hi or beni) pattern(s). There are numerous patterns that have descriptive adjectives relating to the number of red areas and if there is zig-zag pattern.
One red spot on the head is a Tancho albeit a "Tancho Kohaku"
Two red spots or areas is Nidan Kohaku.
Three red areas is a Sandan Kohaku.
Four red spots is a Yondan Kohaku.
Five red spots is a Godan Kohaku.
No red on the head is Bozu.
A red zig-zag pattern continuous head to tail is a Inazuma Kohaku.
Sanke is a white fish with the red markings like kohaku and has additional black (sumi) spot or step patterns. These sumi spots could resemble the black pattern on the Shiro Bekko laid over a Kohaku's red and white pattern.
Bekko is a category of koi that has two colors -- sumi (black spot pattern) and a second color. The base color is the descriptive adjective of the name. They are like a Sanke minus the un-named color is absent, i.e., Shiro Bekko is Sanke minus red and Aka Bekko is Sanke minus white.
Shiro Bekko is a white fish with the black pattern stepping stones.
Aka Bekko is a red fish with the black pattern stepping stones.
Showa is a black fish with the red and white markings like kohaku and has additional black (sumi) bands on the body with sumi on its head. These sumi wrapped bands are larger than Sanke and Bekko spots. It could resemble the black pattern of the Shiro Utsuuri laid over a Kohaku's red and white pattern, but with one exception of black on the head.
Utsuri is a category of koi that has three -- two color combinations and it means reflections in Japanese. Sumi (black) band pattern mirros on both sides along with a second color. The second color is the descriptive adjective of the name. They are like a Showa with black on the head.
Shiro Utsuri is a white fish with the black bands and black on the head.
Hi Utsuri is a red fish with the black bands and black on the head.
Ki Utsuri is a yellow fish with the black bands and black on the head.
Tancho is a category of koi that has one distinguishing mark. That mark is a red spot on the head with no other red on the fish. There are different versions of Tancho.
Tancho Kohaku is a white fish with the red spot on the head.
Tancho Sanke is a white fish with the red spot on the head and black stepping spots like a Sanke.
Black Tancho is a black fish with the red spot on the head.
Tancho Showa like a Showa with only the red spot on the head and black wrapped bands.
Goshiki is a category of koi that has two styles -- Old Style and New Style.
Old Style is a red Kohaku pattern with Asagi net pattern.
New Style is a red Kohaku pattern with light Asagi net pattern.
Koromo is a category of koi that has an edging over the Kohaku red pattern. There are three versions of Koromo.
Ai Goromo is a Kohaku with blue edging over red scales.
Sumi Goromo is a Kohaku with black edging over red scales.
Budo Goromo is a Kohaku with blue grape like clusters over red scales.
Asagi is a blue reticulated net pattern fish with an orange underside.
Shusui is a Doitsu Asagi with blue black dorsal scales, orange belly and checks.
Doitsu have either a line of large scales along their dorsal fin and lateral lines, or they have no scales at all and referred to as "leather carp"and are referred to a "mirror carp". Doitsu may be seen on the other classifications.
Doitsu Kujaku must have Kujaku scales along dorsal fin.
Doitsu Sanke must have doitsu scales along dorsal fin and/or lateral lines or be scaleless.
Doitsu Goshiki is probably new style goshiki with no scales.
Hikari Moyo has metallic scales and multiple colors in the pattern.
Yamato Nishiki is a metalic sanke.
kujaku is metalic white and orange with Matsuba netting.
Hariwake is metallic white with gold, orange or red markings.
Doitsu Hariwake is a doitsu vesion of Harawake with yellow pattern.
Kikusui is doitsu harawake with orange or red pattern.
Gin Rin as seen on:
Kohaku koi with glittering scales (Kin is gold and Gin is silver).
Showa -- Kin Gin Rin Showa.
Tancho Gin Rin Tancho.
Goshiki Gin Rin Goshiki.
Platinum Ogon Gin Rin Platinum Ogon.
There is a Gin Rin that looks like cracked glass running laterally .
There are some koi with skin around the scales that give them the appearance as glass. Some breeders may represent that as gin rin Fukurin has two types. This name was taken from the term Fuku, meaning to 'cover 'or 'wrap'.
Hikari Utsuri
Gin Shiro Utsuri metallic silver Utsuri.
Kin Hi Utsuri metallic red Utsuri.
Kin Ki Utsuri metallic yellow Utsuri.
Kin Showa metallic Showa.
Hikari Muji (one color)
Platinum Ogon metallic solid white.
Yamabuki Ogon metallic solid yellow.
Kin Matsuba black pine cone rdging on scales.
Kawarigoi (all others)
Kumonryu Doitsu black with white markings, "Dragon Fish".
Beni Kumonryu Kumomryu with red markings.
Kikokuryu metallic Kumomryu.
Kin Kikokuryu metallic Kumomryu with red or gold.
Haijiro black with white on dorsal, pectoral and tail fins.
Chagoi brown, tea, or green non-metallic koi.
Benigoi red non-metallic koi.
Karasu solid blackm often called a "Crow".
Ochiba Shigure brown markings on grey backgound.
You can clink on Koi and Water Garden Society of Central New York's links within this window pane.
Bob Brudd's article on Koi Language linked with his permission at Midwest Pond and Koi Society web site www.mpks.org.
You can clink on Midwest Pond and Koi Society Bob Brudd's article links, Kohaku, Sanke, & Showa, on the left of the window pane.
Ray Jordan's article on Koi Pattern Development linked with his permission at Midwest Pond and Koi Society web site www.mpks.org. Ray Jordan has additional links at the bottom of the page. Use the scroll bar on the pane below.
You can clink on Midwest Pond and Koi Society's links within this window pane.
Joel Burkard, President of Pan Intercorp, has granted Valley of the Sun Koi Club to link to his www.koi.com website. For those who are not familiar with Joel, he lived in Japan for twenty years and speaks fluent Japanese. He makes trips to Japan and purchases koi for sale in the US. He is a prolific writer about koi. His web site has a reference encylopedia that not only describes the various classifications but supplies Japanese pronunciations and numerous articles. Any highlighted Japanese word or descriptive phrase in the reference will (depending on you computer settings) either play the sound or allow you to save the .wav file to your computer for later play. Please keep in mind this is comercial concern and everything on his site is copywritten and not for sale elsewhere without Joel's written permission. The Reference Encyclopedia is linked with his permission. His fingerlings can be found at the Hiroshima Collection along with other retail collections.
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